My son said I should read Hemingway, and specifically The Sun Also Rises, with an open mind. So I did. I’m not sure if the “open minded” admonition was because he thought I would be offended by the foul language, the incessant drinking, the immorality, or simply the style of story-telling. I was not offended. Hemingway’s descriptions of town and countryside, of bullfights and matadors and spectators is told in “lean, hard, athletic narrative prose.” (quote from the New York Times on the web article “Marital Tragedy”). His concise language conveys a picture so vividly, you can almost taste the heavy dust and feel the summer heat. However, I felt rather stupid when I got to the end and wondered why this is a highly-revered classic.
Before it begins, Hemingway quotes Ecclesiastes as a clue that the characters will struggle with what they view as the meaninglessness of their lives. I understand that the characters drank continuously out of psychological and spiritual torment, boredom, in order to forget, and to avoid life. There was so much drinking: constant imbibing of vast quantities of beer, wine, absinthe and countless other beverages morning, noon and night and quantified by Marty Beckerman in “How to drink the Hemingway Way.”
The book’s characters drank more than a hundred and fifty types of alcohol on nearly eight hundred occasions, just like their creator before lunch. A decade and a half later, at the ripe old age of forty, Hemingway — who wrote what he knew — suffered from kidney and liver problems, hypertension, cramps, diabetes, insomnia, bloody urine, and (worst of all) erectile dysfunction.
The constant drinking certainly provided the hollow, deadened background that Hemingway was going for– am I right? In the book, Robert Cohn agonizes,
Listen, Jake,… don’t you ever get the feeling that all your life is going by and you’re not taking advantage of it? Do you realize you’ve lived nearly half the time you have to live already?…. Do you know that in about thirty-five years more we’ll be dead?
In addition to this angst over one’s own mortality, all the men in the story loved titled socialite Brett, but the only one she loved back was Jake, whose war injury left him unable to “perform” (if you know what I mean). She described her unfulfilled love for him to be “hell on earth.” The story chronicles a slow, spiraling, dysfunctional descent of her relationship with each of the men who love her and of their relationships with one another.
The constant flow of alcohol aided this group’s desperate and false camaraderie and also abetted the impending and certain unravelling of those superficial friendships. As Jake noted on one occasion,
There was much wine, an ignored tension, and a feeling of things coming that you could not prevent happening. Under the wine I lost the disgusted feeling and was happy. It seemed they were all such nice people.
But they weren’t nice at all. They were an unsettling mixture of sadness, vanity, emptiness, bravado and despair. These people were bankrupt in every way. Perhaps Ian Crouch had the right idea in his New Yorker article entitled “Hemingway’s Hidden Metafictions” :
[The Sun Also Rises] is a wink at the marketplace—readers want lively, lighthearted tales from abroad—and alludes to the novel’s central dark, repeated joke: that everything awful in life, in all of its sadness and melancholy, is better laughed at.
Apparently it’s easier to laugh at your own emptiness when you’re drunk.
Eventually, all these flawed characters end up attending the bullfights in Pamplona, Spain and the week-long fiesta surrounding the bullfights and the running of the bulls.
The fiesta was really started. It kept up day and night for seven days. The dancing kept up, the drinking kept up, the noise went on. The things that happened could only have happened during a fiesta. Everything became quite unreal finally and it seemed as though nothing could have any consequences. It seemed out of place to think of consequences during the fiesta.
The events surrounding the bullfights bring all this tension to a dramatic and drunken climax. The party necessarily breaks up and everyone goes their sad and separate ways.
The end of the book brings Brett and Jake back together once more– again as star-crossed lovers– and seemingly resigned to their roles of Lost Wanderer and Rescuer respectively. Jake will never “get the girl.” Brett can’t accept Jake as he is, and realizes that she’ll never find happiness with anyone else. She laments, “Oh, Jake, we could have had such a damned good time together.” His final word on the matter also ends the book: “Yes. Isn’t it pretty to think so?” There is no neat tidying up of loose ends or happy ending here.
Since finishing the book, I have waded through a half-dozen websites to try to better understand what others find so gratifying about this work. That helped. I can say that I now appreciate the book for what it is. Hemingway will probably not make it onto my “favorite author” list, but he has certainly expanded my literary horizons. That’s a good thing.